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Expression for seemingly involves a great number terms.
However, this number can be dramatically reduced by the following
speculation. Just as in there is no dotted lines in the graphs
involved in because for each summation index there is a
corresponding wave amplitude present. Thus, we have the same rule for
the number of summations surviving the phase averaging (i.e. one less
than the number of internal couplings). In order to be of the same
order as the leading terms in and , we must have 3 purely
internal couplings and, therefore, no external couplings. This is only
possible when the number of dotted lines directed to the vertices is
equal to the number of them pointing away which is true for the terms but not true for the and
terms. Thus we will only consider the terms. Further, the
fact that there is no external couplings means that such terms are
only non-zero when all 's are zero. Thus, there will be no
contribution from the second part of which has a
pre-factor.
where the terms to be averaged here are
By coupling the dashed lines we have in the leading order
Term does not survive the averaging because and a
triple internal coupling is not possible. Summarising,
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Next: Bibliography
Up: Appendix 2
Previous: Calculation of
Dr Yuri V Lvov
2007-01-17