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Graphically, the 4 terms to be averaged in this expression are
Note that there is no dotted lines in these graphs
because for each summation index there is a corresponding wave
amplitude present. As a consequence, the rule for the number of
surviving summations is somewhat different from what we had so
far. Namely, the number of the summation indices after the phase
averaging is one less than the number of the purely internal
couplings. Easy to see that the phase averaging of the above terms
always leads to an external coupling of the dashed lines which
removes the summation. Moreover, no more than one purely internal
coupling of the dashed lines is possible in any of these
graphs. 6 Thus, contains no summation
at all and is only a correction to the main terms in
and .
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Dr Yuri V Lvov
2007-01-17